The presence of students or non-optimal solution to the optimal solution by introducing the problems that are very difficult or time-consuming was to gain the ability to reach a solution with the approximate solution methods.

Transportation model: Initial solution methods, optimizing initial solution, sensitivity analysis in the transportation model. Assignment model , Transshipment problemNetwork analysis: the minimum spanning tree problem, the shortest path problem, the maximum flow problem, the minimum cost flow problemProject planning and control with pert-cpm.