To introduce the plant richness of Turkey and the factors affecting this richness and to explain the status of the country in terms of endemism. To define the characteristics of important families in the flora of Turkey and to learn the important genera of families, To develop conservation awareness, To have knowledge about plant geography and floristic regions of Turkey, To learn vegetation types and to have knowledge about the methods used in vegetation studies.

Basic concepts that will be frequently encountered in the course; flora, vegetation, endemism, plant geography, climax, etc. will be given and the history of flora and vegetation research in Turkey will be discussed. Factors shaping the flora and vegetation of Turkey: Geological structure, climate diversity and biogeographic regions (Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean, Iran-Turanian), soil diversity and biological factors will be discussed. In addition, Turkey's paleoflora and plant evolution, the effects of events in geological periods (e.g. glaciers, tectonic movements) on the flora and the effects of these effects on Turkey's plant richness will be discussed. In addition, Synecology; Plant communities and environmental interactions, Minimal area concept, Migration, diaspores, succession and climax will be discussed and the structure and distribution of Turkey's vegetation will be explained. In the application of the course, the basic characters used in plant identification will be given, the large families distributed in our country, the characteristics of the genera representing those families will be shown and some species will be identified. Vegetation Sampling Techniques will be explained practically. Sampling areas (Herbaceous vegetation, Shrub vegetation, Forest vegetation), Methods used (Quadrate and Transect methods), Analytical characters (Number of species, frequency, overlap rate) and Synthetic characters (Abundance, dominance, species combinations) will be demonstrated.