The aim of this course is to analyze the historical development, institutional structures, functions, and societal impacts of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from a multidimensional perspective. It enables students to understand the local and global roles of NGOs through key concepts such as civil society, voluntarism, social entrepreneurship, international humanitarian aid, and advocacy. The course also focuses on the influence of NGOs in social policy-making processes, their relationship with public oversight, and their potential to drive social change. It encourages students to engage with civil society both theoretically and practically, and to take an active role in NGO-related activities.

The course begins with the conceptual framework of non-governmental organizations and explores the historical evolution of civil society, examining the conditions under which NGOs emerged. It then delves into the organizational structures, funding models, governance practices, decision-making processes, and accountability mechanisms of NGOs operating at both local and international levels. The course analyzes the roles of NGOs in key areas such as human rights, environmental sustainability, gender equality, poverty alleviation, migration, and disaster relief. It also addresses contemporary topics such as NGO–state relations, network-based advocacy, digital civil society, and the positioning of NGOs in response to global crises.