Information Package / Course Catalogue
Principles of Atatürk and History of Turkish Revolution
Course Code: AI101
Course Type: Required
Couse Group: N/A
Education Language: Turkish
Work Placement: N/A
Theory: 4
Prt.: 0
Credit: 4
Lab: 0
ECTS: 4
Objectives of the Course

To inform students about the Turkish modernization process and raise their awareness in line with Atatürk's principles and reforms, to explain the conditions under which the Turkish War of Independence was won, how the struggle for independence and sovereignty ended in victory, and to understand the fundamental philosophy of the Republic of Turkey, thereby contributing to society by fostering individuals who respect human rights and social values. The main objective of the course, which focuses on teaching the birth and development of modern Turkey, is to provide accurate information about the Atatürkist Thought System, the history of the Republic of Turkey, and threats to Turkey and the implementation of the Atatürkist Thought System. To raise, strengthen, and unite Turkish youth around national goals in accordance with the Atatürkist Thought System, within an indivisible unity with their country, nation, and state; to raise individuals with rational, modern, honorable, hard-working personalities, filled with love for their country and nation, and with ideas of tolerance and humanity. To teach university students about Turkey's recent history in line with the developments of the 20th century, enabling them to connect with the past through accurate information. To instill in Turkish youth the responsibility of passing on our national and modern values from generation to generation, and to make them aware that they are the bearers of our Republic and its achievements.

Course Content

Bu derste ilk etapta Atatürk İlke ve İnkılapları Tarihi dersinin amacı ve inkılap kavramı, Osmanlı Devleti'ni kurtarma çabaları, fikir akımları, Osmanlı Devleti’nin yıkılışını ve Türk inkılabını hazırlayan sebeplere toplu bakış, Osmanlı Devleti'nin parçalanması, I. Dünya Savaşı ve Cepheler, Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması, işgaller karşısında memleketin durumu ve Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın tepkisi, Mustafa Kemal Paşa'nın Samsun'a çıkışı, kongreler yoluyla teşkilatlanma, Kuvayı Milliye ve Misak-ı Milli, TBMM'nin açılması ve İstiklal Savaşı'nın yönetimini ele alması, Sakarya Savaşına kadar Milli Mücadele, Sakarya Savaşı ve Büyük Taarruz, eğitim ve kültür alanında Millî Mücadele, sosyal ve iktisadi alanda Millî Mücadele ve Mudanya'dan Lozan'a kadarki süreç işlenecektir. Ardından saltanatın kaldırılmasıyla başlayan siyasal alan başta olmak üzere eğitim-kültür, hukuk, ekonomik ve toplumsal alanda gerçekleştirilen ve Türk toplumunu muasır medeniyetler düzeyine ulaştırmayı amaçlayan inkılaplar ele alınacaktır. Atatürk döneminde çok partili hayata geçiş denemeleri ve Türk dış politikası, II. Dünya Savaşı ve savaş sonrası Türkiye’de çok partili hayata geçiş, on yıl süren Demokrat Parti iktidarı, 27 Mayıs 1960’da ilk askerî darbe ve darbe sonrasından 1980 askerî darbesine kadar ortaya çıkan iç ve dış gelişmeler, koalisyon hükûmetleri ve ordunun tekrar siyasal hayata müdahalesi, ele alınacak konular arasındadır.

Name of Lecturer(s)
Ins. Banu BERBER BABALIK
Ins. Coşkun TÜRKAN
Ins. Çiğdem BUDAK
Ins. Derya GENÇ ACAR
Ins. Derya GÜRTAŞ DÜNDAR
Ins. Dilek AKALIN
Ins. Fatma TOMBAK
Ins. Gülten SAVRAN
Ins. Merve Tuba ERDEN
Ins. Mesude ÖZDİLLİ
Ins. Mutlu ADAK
Ins. Seda SARIKAYA SARİDEMİR
Learning Outcomes
1.Understanding the Concept of History of Revolution
2.A Correct Understanding of the Turkish Revolution
3.Providing Information on Current Issues in the Light of the Accumulation of Assessment
4.To understanding of Turkısh modernization dimensions
5.Acquiring the Ability to Make the Synthesis of National and Universal Values
6. Understand the philosophy of the Republic of Turkey
Recommended or Required Reading
1.Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, Nutuk, Devlet Basımevi, İstanbul 1938.
2.Borak, Sadi, Atatürk'ün Resmi Yayınlara Girmemiş Söylev, Demeç ve Yazışmaları, Kaynak Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997.
3.Atatürk’ün Söylev ve Demeçleri, I-III, (Der. Nimet Arsan), Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara, 1997.
4.Atatürk’ün Tamim, Telgraf ve Beyannameleri IV (Açıklamalı Dizin İle), Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları, Ankara, 2006.
5.Andrew Mango, Atatürk-Modern Türkiye’nin Kurucusu, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2002.
6.Berkes, Niyazi, Türkiye’de Çağdaşlaşma, (Haz. Ahmet Kuyaş), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul 2012.
7.Bernard Lewis, Modern Türkiye’nin Doğuşu, Çev. Metin Kıratlı, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2004.
8.Berkes, Niyazi, Türkiye’de Çağdaşlaşma, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul 2012.
9.Mardin, Şerif, Jön Türklerin Siyasi Fikirleri, 1895-1905, III. Baskı, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 1989.
10.Mardin, Şerif, Türk Modernleşmesi, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul 1991.
11.Ahmad, Feroz, Modern Türkiye’nin Oluşumu, Kaynak Yayınları, İstanbul 2012.
12.Timur, Taner, Türk Devrimi ve Sonrası, İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, Ankara 2018.
13.Tanör, Bülent, Kurtuluş Kuruluş, Cumhuriyet Kitapları, İstanbul 2010.
14.Erik Jan Zürcher, Modernleşen Türkiye’nin Tarihi, Çev. Yasemin Saner, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001.
15.M. Şükrü Hanioğlu, Atatürk, Entelektüel Biyografi, Bağlam Yayınları, İstanbul, 20023.
16.Âfetinan, A. Medenî Bilgiler ve M. Kemal Atatürk’ün El Yazıları, 2. Baskı, Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 1988.
17.Goloğlu, Mahmut, Milli Mücadele Tarihi V 1923 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2011.
18.Turan, Şerafettin, Atatürk’ün Düşünce Yapısını Etkileyen Olaylar, Düşünürler, Kitaplar, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 1982.
19.Alpkaya, Faruk, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Kuruluşu (1923-1924), İletişim Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1998.
20.Tanör, Bülent, Osmanlı-Türk Anayasal Gelişmeleri (1789-1980), Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 1998.
21.Türkiye Tarihi 4, Çağdaş Türkiye (1908-1980), Yay. Yön. Sina Akşin, Cem Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1995.
22.Türkiye’nin 1950’li Yılları, Der. Mete Kaan Kaynar, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2019.
23.Türkiye’nin 1960’lı Yılları, Der. Mete Kaan Kaynar, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2017.
24.İlber Ortaylı, İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı, Hil Yayınları, İstanbul, 1995.
25.Turan, Şerafettin, Türk Devrim Tarihi 1-5, Bilgi Yayınları, İstanbul 2019
Weekly Detailed Course Contents
Week 1 - Theoretical
The Purpose of the Atatürk Principles and Revolution History Course and Concepts Related to the Course; Modernization Steps in the Ottoman Empire and Transformation of the Empire A. Rebellion, Reform/Reform, Coup d'Etat, Revolution, Revolution…. B. Developments that Prepared Western Modernization (Crusades, Geographical Discoveries, Elimination of Feudalism, Renaissance and Reform Movements, Enlightenment Philosophy, Industrial and French Revolutions) C. Dynamics of Ottoman-Turkish Modernization, Incorporation of the Empire into the Capitalist System and Transformation
Week 2 - Theoretical
Mahmud II, Tanzimat and I. and II. Constitutional Monarchy Periods A. A New Crisis Shaking the Empire: The Ideology of Nationalism B. Mahmut II's Reforms to Strengthen the Central Structure C. The Period of Bureaucratic Reforms: Reforms of the Tanzimat Era and the Neo-Ottomans as a Focus of Opposition in the Empire D. Developments Creating the Environment for the Transition to the Constitutional System and the Constitutional State Understanding E. Abdülhamit II's Authoritarian Modernization Steps and the Transfer of Power from the Porte to Palace Control F. Opposition to the rule of Abdul Hamid II: Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress G. The Work of the Ottoman Committee of Union and Progress, Conjunctural Developments and the Declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Week 3 - Theoretical
The Ottoman Empire in the Early XXth Century (Tripoli, Balkan Wars and World War I) A. The Empire's Loss of North Africa and Balkan Territories B. Imperial Sharing War and the Ottoman Empire's Entry into the War C. The Partition of the Ottoman Empire within the Framework of the Eastern Question and the Consequences of the War D. Liquidation of the Ottoman Empire
Week 4 - Theoretical
Mondros Armistice and Paris Peace Conference; The Beginning of the National Struggle and Preparatory Period I (Societies, Kuvva-yı Milliye and Mustafa Kemal's Samsun) A. Armistice of Mondros and the Liquidation of the Ottoman Empire B. The Efforts of the Victors of the War to Determine the New World Order: Paris Peace Conference C. The Occupation of Anatolia by the Imperial Powers and the Resistance of Müdafaa-i Hukuk D. Sending Mustafa Kemal to Anatolia in an Official Capacity and Mustafa Kemal's Steps Towards the Establishment of an Independent Turkish Nation-State in Anatolia Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Week 5 - Theoretical
Preparation Period of the National Struggle II (Circulars, Congresses, Amasya Talks, Arrival of the Representative Council to Ankara, Opening of the Ottoman Parliamentary Assembly and Misak-ı Milli) A. Circulars and Congresses: Mustafa Kemal's Attempts to Attract the People of Anatolia to the National Struggle B. Mustafa Kemal's Attempts to Transform Local and Regional Resistance into a National Dimension and His Return to the Nation C. The Establishment of a De Facto Government in Anatolia and the Recognition of the Representation Committee as a Legitimate Power by the Istanbul Government D. Ankara becoming the center of the National Struggle and the adoption of the Misak-ı Milli, the Declaration of Independence of the Representation Committee, by the Ottoman Parliament
Week 6 - Theoretical
Opening of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the Treaty of Sèvres; Fronts and Treaties in the War of Independence I A. The Establishment of the Unnamed Turkish Nation-State in Ankara and the Reaction of the Imperialist States and the Istanbul Government B. The Treaty of Sevres as an Imperial Sharing Project C. Military, Diplomatic and Political Struggles of the Ankara Government in the East and South in line with the Misak-ı Milli
Week 7 - Theoretical
Fronts and Treaties in the War of Independence II and Mudanya Armistice and Lausanne Peace Talks A. Ankara Government's Military, Diplomatic and Political Struggle in the West in line with the Misak-ı Milli B. The Expulsion of the Greek Armies from Anatolia and the Imperialist States' Acceptance of the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey as the Only Legitimate Power at Mudanya C. International Recognition of an Independent Turkish Nation-State in Anatolia: Treaty of Lausanne D. Evaluation of the Treaty of Lausanne
Week 8 - Theoretical
Political Revolutions (Abolition of the Sultanate, Proclamation of the Republic and Abolition of the Caliphate) A. Who Will Represent the Turkish People Before the Lausanne Peace Talks? 1. Solution to the Representation Crisis: Abolition of the Sultanate B. Mustafa Kemal's Control of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey: Elections and the Opening of the Second Grand National Assembly C. Capital Ankara D. Removal of Obstacles to the Coronation of the Nation 1. Governmental Crisis and Naming the Regime 2. Discussions on Caliphate, Abolition of Caliphate and its Consequences
Week 9 - Theoretical
Political Parties and Developments in the Atatürk Period; Reforms in the Field of Law and Education and Culture A. The People's Party as a Political Organization B. The Disintegration of the Cadre Executing the “Liberation” and the Progressive Republican Party C. Sheikh Sait Uprising and Takrir-i Sükûn Period D. Mustafa Kemal's Assassination Attempt and the Liquidation of the Opposition E. Free Republican Party and Menemen Incident F. Organizing the Legal Structure in Accordance with the Nation-State Approach 1. Civil Code and Ensuring Unity of Law 2. 1924 Constitution and Its Features 3. Other Legal Regulations (Commercial and Criminal Laws) G. Organizing Education in Accordance with the Nation-State Approach 1. Tawhid-i Tedrisat Law 2. New Turkish Letters and National Schools 3. Steps Towards the Development of National Consciousness: Turkish Historical Society, Turkish Language Society, People's Houses and Village Institutes
Week 10 - Theoretical
Social and Economic Revolutions; Turkish Foreign Policy in Atatürk's Era I A. Steps Towards the Regulation of Social Life 1. Hat Law 2. Closure of Dervish Lodges, Zawiyahs and Tombs 3. International Measurements, Western Calendar and Time B. Steps to Organize Economic Life and Initiatives for a National Economy 1st Izmir Economic Congress 2. Establishment of İşbank 3. Cabotage Law 4. Abolition of the Ashar Tax 5. Law on Incentive Industry 6. Global Crisis and Transition to Statist Economy C. Turkish Foreign Policy in the Atatürk Era 1. The Understanding Guiding Turkish Foreign Policy 2. Internal Environment and Dynamics 3. International Environment and Dynamics 4. Turkish-Greek Relations 5. Turkish-British Relations 6.Turkish-French Relations 7. Turkish-Soviet Relations 8. Shifting Balances in Europe, Turkey's Attempts to Integrate into the International System and the Search for Regional Alliances
Week 11 - Theoretical
Turkish Foreign Policy II and Atatürk's Principles A. Turkish Foreign Policy and Western States 1. Turkish-Greek Relations 2. Turkish-British Relations 3. Turkish-French Relations 4. Turkish-Soviet Relations B. Changing Balances in Europe, Turkey's Attempts to Integrate into the International System and the Search for Regional Alliances (Turkey's Accession to the League of Nations, the Balkan Treaty, the Sadabat Pact, the Montreux Straits Convention and the Incorporation of Hatay into the Motherland) C. Philosophy of Modernization: Atatürk's Principles 1. Basic Principles 2. Complementary Principles
Week 12 - Theoretical
World War II and Turkey's Domestic and Foreign Policy during the War Years A. Causes and Actors of Imperial War 1. Inter-State Blocs: Axis and Allied States 2. Hitler's Increasing Influence in Europe 3. German-Soviet War and the Accession of the USSR to the Allied Powers 4. US Entry into the War and the Turning of the War in Favor of the Allied Powers 5. Consequences of the War and the Bipolar World B. World War II and Turkey 1. Domestic Political Developments in Turkey during the War Years (Economic, Social and Cultural Life) 2. Turkish Foreign Policy in the War Years (President İnönü's Balancing Policy, Axis and Allied States' Attempts to Involve Turkey in the War, Threats to Turkey)
Week 13 - Theoretical
Turkey from the End of World War II until the Democrat Party's Power (1945-1950) and the Democrat Party Period (1950-1960) A. Turkey from the End of World War II until the Democrat Party's Power (1945-1950) 1. Reshaping the Post-War World 2. Discussions in the ruling CHP and the Transition to Multi-Party Life in Turkey 3. Establishment and Program of the Democratic Party 4. 1946 Elections 5. Tensions between the ruling and opposition parties and President İnönü's initiatives B. May 14th Elections and the Democrat Party's Ten-Year Ruling Period C. Domestic Political Developments during the DP Government 1st President Bayar and Adnan Menderes Governments 2. First Practices of the Menderes Government 3. Economic, Cultural and Political Developments 4. 1954 Elections and Menderes' Consolidation of Power 5. Strained Opposition-Power Relations 6. The Break with the DP and the Founding of the Hürriyet Party 7. 1957 Elections and the Opposition to the DP Government D. Foreign Political Developments during the DP Government 1. Turkey Sending Troops to Korea and Becoming a NATO Member 2. Cyprus Problem 3. DP's Relations with the USA and the USSR E. TSK's Intervention in the Political Sphere and the Coup of May 27, 1960
Week 14 - Theoretical
Turkey between 1960-1980 (Domestic and Foreign Political Developments) A. Domestic Political Developments in Turkey 1. The Period of the National Unity Committee's Actual Power 2. 1961 Constitution and Its Features 3. Steps to Normalization: 1961 Elections and Coalition Governments 4. 1965 Elections and the Justice Party's Rule (1965-1971) 5. The March 12 Memorandum and a New Intervention of the Turkish Armed Forces in the Political Sphere 6. 1973 Elections and CHP-MSP Coalition 7. I. MC Governments 8. 1977 Elections and Ecevit Government 9. 2nd MC Governments 10. September 12 Coup B. Turkey's Foreign Policy 1. Cyprus Problem and Peace Movement 2. Relations with the USA, USSR and the Middle East
Assessment Methods and Criteria
Type of AssessmentCountPercent
Final Examination1%100
Workload Calculation
ActivitiesCountPreparationTimeTotal Work Load (hours)
Individual Work283084
Final Examination114216
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours)100
Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes
PÇ-1
PÇ-2
PÇ-3
PÇ-4
PÇ-5
PÇ-6
PÇ-7
PÇ-8
PÇ-9
PÇ-10
PÇ-11
PÇ-12
PÇ-13
PÇ-14
PÇ-15
PÇ-16
PÇ-17
PÇ-18
PÇ-19
OÇ-1
1
4
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
OÇ-2
1
5
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
OÇ-3
1
4
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
OÇ-4
1
4
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
OÇ-5
1
4
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
OÇ-6
5
4
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
Adnan Menderes University - Information Package / Course Catalogue
2026