Information Package / Course Catalogue
Basic Histology and Embryology
Course Code: HF109
Course Type: Area Elective
Couse Group: First Cycle (Bachelor's Degree)
Education Language: Turkish
Work Placement: N/A
Theory: 2
Prt.: 0
Credit: 2
Lab: 0
ECTS: 4
Objectives of the Course

The aim of the Histology course, which is one of the Basic Health Sciences and examines cells, tissues, and organs at the microscopic level, is to emphasize the meaning and importance of histology; to provide information about the histological characteristics of the four fundamental tissues; and to enable students who will work in the field of health sciences to distinguish normal histological structures in order to understand pathological changes. It also aims to develop a professional perspective and interpretation skills in this field. Another objective of the course is to define the scope of the science of embryology, to explain the maturation of reproductive cells, fertilization, and implantation processes at the beginning of embryological development, and to clarify which organ systems the germ layers differentiate into during early development.

Course Content

This course covers the most commonly used techniques in histology and their application principles; the definition of the cell, their shapes, sizes, cytoplasm, organelles, and the fine structure and functions of the nucleus; the definition of tissue, the main tissue types, their microscopic structure and functions; and the early weeks of embryological development.

Name of Lecturer(s)
Lec. Şengül ŞENTÜRK
Learning Outcomes
1.Defines the science of histology, summarizes its historical development, understands its importance, analyzes its relationship with other scientific fields, and is able to identify the basic equipment and microscopes used in the histology laboratory.
2.Defines the cells that make up histological tissues and distinguishes them using examples. Is able to describe the morphological features of the cell membrane, cytoplasm (organelles, cytoskeleton, and inclusions), and nucleus; explain their functions; and interpret their interrelationships. Additionally, is able to convey fundamental information about the cell cycle and cell division.
3.To be able to define the four basic histological tissues and explain how they are classified.
4.To define epithelial tissue, explain its characteristics and functions, and classify it as covering and glandular epithelium. To identify the locations of covering epithelium and describe its microscopic features. To define glandular epithelium, classify it, and analyze its microscopic structure.
5.To define supporting tissue, explain its functions, and classify it into its four subtypes. To define connective tissue and explain its structural components and microscopic features. To distinguish the cells of blood tissue and explain their functions. To describe the structure and formation of cartilage tissue and explain its microscopic characteristics. To define the structure of bone tissue and explain its formation and classification.
6.To describe the microscopic and cellular characteristics of smooth muscle tissue, identify its distribution in the body, and explain its function. To examine striated muscle tissue histologically and define its features, as well as explain the contraction–relaxation mechanism. To describe the cellular structure of cardiac muscle tissue, distinguish its microscopic features, and explain its function.
7.To define nervous tissue, describe the structure of the nerve cell, explain the general characteristics of the nervous system, and classify it. To define the structure of the central nervous system and explain its functions and microscopic features. To describe the structure of the peripheral nervous system and explain its functions and microscopic characteristics.
8.To define the male and female reproductive organs and their histology. To explain oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
9.To understand the processes of fertilization and implantation.
10.To explain the differentiation of the germ layers.
Recommended or Required Reading
1.Ross M. H., Pawlina W, Histology and Atlas, 2014, Palme publishing, Ankara
2.Junqueıra L.C. , Carneiro J., Basic Histology text & atlas, 2009, Nobel Medical Bookstores
3.Kierszenbaum A. L. , M.D, PhD., Histology and Cell Biology- Introduction to Pathology, 2006, Palme Publishing
4.William K. Ovalle, Patrick C. Nahirney, Netter’s Essential Histology, Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2008.
5.M. Turan Akay, General Histology, Palme Publishing, Ankara, 2006.
6.Özer A. (Editör), Girgin A., Özfiliz N., Özcan Z., Erdost H., Ergün L., Zık B., Özen A., Ergün E., Kocamış H., Temel Histoloji; Nobel Yayın 2011.
7.Before we are Born, Essentials of embryology and birth defects (Keith L.. Moore, T.V.N. Persaud, Mark G.Torchia) 9. Ed. 2016.
8.Lagman Medikal Embriyoloji (T.W. Sadler13. Ed. Çev. Prof.Dr. A. Can Başaklar) 2017.
Weekly Detailed Course Contents
Week 1 - Theoretical
IIt is aimed to provide a general definition of the science of histology, to emphasize its importance and its relationship with other scientific fields, and to explain the fundamentals of histochemical methods.
Week 2 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide definitions of the cells that make up histological tissues and to convey information about the microscope and microscopic examination methods. It is aimed to provide information about the general morphological features, functions, and interrelationships of the basic structural components of the cell—namely, the cell membrane, cytoplasm (organelles, cytoskeleton, and inclusions), and nucleus. It is aimed to convey information about the cell cycle and cell division.
Week 3 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the definition and classification of the four basic histological tissues that make up the human body. It is aimed to convey information regarding the definition, characteristics, functions, and classification of epithelial tissue (covering and glandular epithelium).
Week 4 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the definition, classification, localization in organs, and microscopic features of covering epithelium. It is aimed to convey information regarding the definition, classification, localization in organs, and microscopic features of glandular epithelium.
Week 5 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the definition, characteristics, functions, and classification of supporting tissue (connective tissue, blood, cartilage, bone). It is aimed to convey information regarding the definition and classification of connective tissue, its cells, extracellular matrix components, localization in the body, and microscopic features.
Week 6 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the definition of blood tissue, its cells, and its microscopic features. It is aimed to convey information regarding the definition of cartilage tissue, its formation, cells, structural components, and microscopic characteristics. It is aimed to provide information about the definition of bone tissue, its formation, classification, cells, structural components, and its macroscopic and microscopic structures.
Week 7 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the definition and classification of muscle tissue. It is aimed to convey information regarding the definition, function, distribution in the body, cellular characteristics, structural components, and microscopic structure of smooth muscle tissue.
Week 8 - Theoretical
Midterm Exam
Week 9 - Theoretical
Evaluation of midterm examinations (15 minutes). It is aimed to provide information about the definition, function, distribution in the body, cellular characteristics, structural components, contraction–relaxation mechanism, and microscopic structure of striated muscle tissue. It is aimed to convey information regarding the histological structure, function, cellular characteristics, and microscopic structure of cardiac muscle tissue.
Week 10 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the definition and function of nervous tissue, the structure and morphology of nerve cells, and the general features and classification of the nervous system.
Week 11 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the structure, histological characteristics, and function of the central nervous system. It is aimed to convey information regarding the structure, histological characteristics, and function of the peripheral nervous system.
Week 12 - Theoretical
It is aimed to explain the male and female reproductive organs and their histology, and to provide information about the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
Week 13 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the first three weeks of development as well as the processes of fertilization and implantation.
Week 14 - Theoretical
It is aimed to provide information about the differentiation of the germ layers.
Assessment Methods and Criteria
Type of AssessmentCountPercent
Midterm Examination1%40
Final Examination1%60
Workload Calculation
ActivitiesCountPreparationTimeTotal Work Load (hours)
Lecture - Theory142256
Midterm Examination120121
Final Examination120121
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours)98
Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes
PÇ-1
PÇ-2
PÇ-3
PÇ-4
PÇ-5
PÇ-6
PÇ-7
PÇ-8
PÇ-9
PÇ-10
OÇ-1
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-2
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-3
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-4
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-5
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-6
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-7
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-8
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-9
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
OÇ-10
3
3
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
5
Adnan Menderes University - Information Package / Course Catalogue
2026