Determination of some physiological and morphological disorders that may occur in different growth and development periods in cereals (winter or summer season crops)

Wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale, corn, paddy and some millets (sorghum, millet, cinnamon, etc.) can be counted among those produced intensively in the world and in our country located in the Gramineae family (cereals). The plants (economically important cultivars) grown in very different environmental conditions. For example, rye can be grown at -30 oC in winter, while sorghum can grow at 40 oC in summer. Many similar examples (different humidity, precipitation or soil conditions) can be given. Plants can be affected by many environmental factors during their growth and development period. Accordingly, some growth disorders (short stature, some deformities, product defects, etc.) can be observed. Some of the morphological and physiological growth disorders in cereals are the topics of this course. In addition, the practice of some agricultural practices (sowing time, irrigation, fertilization, soil cultivation, etc.) will be discussed in order to control or reduce growth disorders.