The aim of this course is to teach the clinical examination and application techniques used in large and small ruminant production and to provide students with the knowledge and skills to apply these techniques accurately and effectively.

This course introduces students to general clinical practices and fundamental clinical approaches. Surgical instruments and materials used in clinical procedures are presented, and the principles of asepsis and antisepsis are discussed in detail. Pre-operative and post-operative care practices are explained, with emphasis on proper clinical management. In addition, techniques for the proper collection, handling, storage, and transportation of pathological materials and various biological samples (blood, urine, feces, skin scrapings, and milk) are taught. Methods for obtaining samples for pathological examination are described, and basic principles for the interpretation of complete blood count (CBC) results are provided.