The objective of this course is to enable students to understand the theoretical foundations, objectives, instruments, and implementation methods of fiscal policy; and to equip them with the ability to assess the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth, price stability, employment, income distribution, and sustainable development. Additionally, the course aims to enable students to analyze current fiscal policies implemented in Turkey and around the world, to apply fiscal policy tools in addressing economic challenges, and to develop policy recommendations from the perspectives of digital transformation and fiscal sustainability.

The definition, scope, and historical development of fiscal policy; the objectives and instruments of fiscal policy; the economic effects of public spending, taxes, transfer payments, and public borrowing; expansionary and contractionary fiscal policies; automatic stabilizers; the relationship between fiscal policy and monetary policy; the effects of fiscal policy on economic growth, inflation, employment, income distribution, and the external balance; budget deficits, public debt, and fiscal discipline; fiscal rules; fiscal policies implemented during global crises, pandemics, and natural disasters; European Union fiscal rules; the green transition, the digital economy, and sustainable fiscal policies; and an evaluation of current fiscal policies implemented in Turkey, along with case studies, are covered in this course. Throughout the course, students gain the ability to assess the economic outcomes of fiscal policies by analyzing current budget data, the Medium-Term Program (MTP), the Medium-Term Fiscal Plan, the Presidential Annual Program, OECD and IMF reports, as well as national and international fiscal developments. This approach strengthens not only the theoretical aspect of the course but also its practical and policy analysis components.