Information Package / Course Catalogue
Pyhtopathology
Course Code: BKR105
Course Type: Required
Couse Group: Short Cycle (Associate's Degree)
Education Language: Turkish
Work Placement: Students are required, as part of the course "İMEU201 – Workplace Vocational Training" (30 ECTS) offered in the fourth semester, to undertake and successfully complete workplace vocational training for a minimum of 70 working days at enterprises designated in accordance with the provisions of the Aydın Adnan Menderes University Directive on Workplace Vocational Training.
Theory: 2
Prt.: 2
Credit: 3
Lab: 0
ECTS: 3
Objectives of the Course

The aim of this course is to teach students the causes, disease development mechanisms, symptoms and control methods of diseases in cultivated plants. Throughout the course, abiotic (environmental, nutritional, chemical) and biotic (bacteria, fungi, viruses, phytoplasmas) agents causing plant diseases, disease cycle stages, symptomatology, entry and spread biology of pathogens, plant defense mechanisms, weed damages and cultural, biological, chemical and integrated control strategies will be covered in detail, aiming for students to gain skills in recognizing and diagnosing plant diseases and developing protection/prevention programs.

Course Content

The course covers: definition, scope and importance of phytopathology in plant protection; disease concept and economic effects; classification of disease causes (biotic and abiotic) and disease triangle; disease cycle stages (inoculation, penetration, infection, incubation, colonization, sporulation) and penetration mechanisms; necrotic, hypoplastic and hyperplastic symptoms; abiotic disease agents (temperature, humidity, light, wind, nutrient deficiencies, air pollution, faulty practices); phytopathogenic bacteria (Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Agrobacterium) and phytoplasmas; viruses (structure, transmission, vector relationships, TMV, CMV, PPV, CTV etc.); fungi (morphology, reproduction, sexual/asexual spores, important genera, symptoms); pathogen secreted substances (enzymes, toxins, growth regulators); natural and induced defense mechanisms in plants (phytoalexins, tyloses, abscission, gums, PR-proteins); weed definition, damages, biology and control methods (cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical) and herbicides; integrated disease management and quarantine practices.

Name of Lecturer(s)
Learning Outcomes
1.Explains the definition of phytopathology, its place in plant protection, and the concept of disease.
2.Analyzes biotic and abiotic factors affecting plant disease development and the components of the disease triangle (host-pathogen-environment).
3.Compares the stages of the disease cycle (inoculation, penetration, infection, incubation, colonization, sporulation) and penetration mechanisms (active, passive, natural openings).
4.Recognizes necrotic, hypoplastic and hyperplastic symptoms in plant diseases and distinguishes typical signs of bacterial, fungal, viral and abiotic diseases.
5.Classifies the general characteristics, life cycles, dispersal and spread biology of major plant pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses and phytoplasmas.
6.Evaluates weed damages, biology and cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical integrated control methods, and develops appropriate control strategies against plant diseases.
Recommended or Required Reading
1.Course notes of Lecturers
2.Presentations and Lecture Notes Compiled From Different Sources
3.Baykal, N. 1992. Fitopatoloji. Uludağ Üniversitesi Basımevi,
4.Agrios, G.N. (2005). Plant Pathology (5th Edition). Elsevier Academic Press.
Weekly Detailed Course Contents
Week 1 - Theoretical & Practice
Introduction to Phytopathology: Definition, scope, place in plant protection, disease concept, economic importance of diseases
Week 2 - Theoretical & Practice
Disease Causes and Classification: Biotic and abiotic agents, Disease Triangle (Host-Pathogen-Environment)
Week 3 - Theoretical & Practice
Pathology: Disease Cycle and Stages: Inoculation, penetration, infection, incubation, colonization, sporulation (fructification)
Week 4 - Theoretical & Practice
Penetration Mechanisms: Active (direct), passive (wounds), natural openings (stomata, lenticels, hydathodes); inoculum sources and dispersal ways
Week 5 - Theoretical & Practice
Symptomatology (Disease Symptoms): Necrotic (wilting, spots, blight, rot, canker, damping-off), Hypoplastic (stunting, rosetting, discoloration), Hyperplastic (tumor/gall, deformation, abnormal coloration) symptoms
Week 6 - Theoretical & Practice
Etiology: Abiotic (Non-living) Disease Agents: Temperature (frost, scorch), humidity/precipitation, light (etiolation), wind, soil pH/salinity, nutrient deficiencies (N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Zn), faulty agricultural practices, air pollution (ozone, SO²)
Week 7 - Theoretical & Practice
Etiology: Biotic Agents: Bacteria (general characteristics, dispersal, symptoms, important genera: Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Streptomyces, Xylella)
Week 8 - Theoretical & Practice
Etiology: Biotic Agents: Phytoplasmas (general characteristics, symptoms, Stolbur disease, vectors)
Week 9 - Theoretical & Practice
Etiology: Biotic Agents: Viruses (general characteristics, structure, classification, symptoms, transmission ways: mechanical, seed, soil, vectors (non-persistent, semi-persistent, persistent), important virus diseases: TMV, CMV, PVY, PLRV, CTV, PPV, GFLV)
Week 10 - Theoretical & Practice
Etiology: Biotic Agents: Fungi, General characteristics, morphology (hyphae, mycelium, septa), cell structure, nutrition types (saprophyte, parasite, obligate), reproduction (sexual/asexual spores), entry and spread, symptoms (powdery mildew, rust, smut, bunt, anthracnose, damping-off etc.)
Week 11 - Theoretical & Practice
Substances Secreted by Pathogens and Disease Mechanisms: Enzymes (pectinases, cellulases, cutinases), toxins, growth regulators (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene), polysaccharides
Week 12 - Theoretical & Practice
Plant Defense Mechanisms: Natural (morphological/structural, biochemical); Induced responses (fungal layers, abscission, tyloses, gums, phytoalexins, PR-proteins)
Week 13 - Theoretical & Practice
Weeds: Definition, damages, reproduction/dispersal biology, important species, control methods (cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical) and herbicides (classification, uptake, translocation, application timing)
Week 14 - Theoretical & Practice
Integrated Disease and Pest Management: Resistant variety use, cultural measures, biological control, chemical control (fungicides, bactericides, virucides), biotechnological approaches, quarantine and legal measures; Current developments and future perspectives in phytopathology
Assessment Methods and Criteria
Type of AssessmentCountPercent
Assignment1%10
Quiz1%10
Midterm Examination1%20
Final Examination1%60
Workload Calculation
ActivitiesCountPreparationTimeTotal Work Load (hours)
Lecture - Theory140228
Lecture - Practice140228
Assignment1112
Quiz1112
Midterm Examination1617
Final Examination1718
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours)75
Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes
PÇ-1
PÇ-2
PÇ-3
PÇ-4
PÇ-5
PÇ-6
PÇ-7
PÇ-8
PÇ-9
PÇ-10
OÇ-1
5
4
3
2
5
3
4
4
OÇ-2
5
5
4
2
5
3
5
4
OÇ-3
5
4
3
2
5
2
4
3
OÇ-4
5
5
1
4
3
5
3
4
4
OÇ-5
5
5
1
4
3
5
3
4
4
OÇ-6
4
5
5
4
5
4
5
1
5
Adnan Menderes University - Information Package / Course Catalogue
2026