The aim of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the fundamental principles of photonics, the physical properties of light, and light–matter interaction mechanisms. The course aims to introduce the operating principles of lasers, optical fibers, photonic materials, and optoelectronic devices, enabling students to acquire fundamental knowledge of modern photonic technologies and their applications.

This course covers the fundamental concepts and historical development of photonics, the nature of light and electromagnetic waves, and the basic principles of geometric and wave optics. Topics such as polarization, light–matter interactions, the operating principles of lasers, and different laser types are discussed. In addition, optical fibers and waveguides, the optical properties of photonic materials, optoelectronic devices, photonic sensors, and imaging systems are examined, together with current photonic applications and emerging future technologies.