The aim of this course is to enable students to understand physical phenomena that cannot be adequately explained by classical physics and to introduce the fundamental principles of special relativity and quantum theory, which form the basis of modern physics. The course aims to provide students with theoretical knowledge of wave-particle duality, atomic structure, fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics, nuclear structure, and elementary particles, and to develop their ability to apply this knowledge in the interpretation of physical phenomena and modern technological applications.

The course covers the limitations of classical physics and the emergence of modern physics; the fundamental principles and consequences of special relativity; blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and X-rays; the particle nature of light and the wave nature of matter; wave-particle duality; atomic structure and atomic models; fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics; electron spin and electromagnetic radiation; nuclear structure, radioactivity, and elementary particles.