Information Package / Course Catalogue
Religious Content in Classical Poetry
Course Code: İST506
Course Type: Area Elective
Couse Group: Second Cycle (Master's Degree)
Education Language: Turkish
Work Placement: N/A
Theory: 3
Prt.: 0
Credit: 3
Lab: 0
ECTS: 5
Objectives of the Course

To demonstrate how and with which elements religious and Sufi content is featured in Classical Turkish poetry, focusing on the ghazal, the most common verse form in classical poetry; to enable students to recognize quotations (iktibas) and allusions (telmih) sourced from the Quran and hadith, stories of the prophets, and religious and Sufi terms and their symbolic counterparts in ghazals, and to interpret the semantic world of poetry within this framework.

Course Content

The relationship between religion and poetry in classical poetry; sources of religious and Sufi content; divine vs. metaphorical/earthly love (hakikî–mecazî aşk) and semantic layers in the ghazal; quotations (iktibas) and allusions (telmih) from the Quran and hadith; representations of prophetic stories in the ghazal; religious and Sufi terminology; Sufi symbolic equivalents of imagery such as the nightingale, rose, candle, and moth (pervane); content analysis and commentary (şerh) applications on selected ghazals.

Name of Lecturer(s)
Learning Outcomes
1.Comprehends the relationship between religion and poetry in Classical Turkish poetry; explains the primary religious and Sufi sources (Quran, hadith, parables, etc.) that enrich the semantic world of the poem.
2.Analyzes the beloved-lover-rival construct in the ghazal form within the context of divine and metaphorical love, decoding the multi-layered semantic structure in the poem.
3.Identifies the quotations and allusions to Quranic verses and hadiths in selected ghazals, and interprets the meaning these elements add to the couplet.
4.Recognizes frequently used prophetic parables (Prophet Adam, Prophet Joseph, Prophet Solomon, etc.) and religious-Sufi symbols (wine, tavern, moth, etc.) in classical poetry, along with their background information.
5.Conducts religious-Sufi content analysis on ghazals by poets from different periods (Fuzuli, Nabi, Sheikh Galib, etc.) using academic poetry commentary (şerh) methodology.
Recommended or Required Reading
1.Akün, Ömer Faruk. Divan Edebiyatı [Divan Literature]. Istanbul: İSAM Publications.
2.Canım, Rıdvan. Divan Edebiyatının Kaynakları [Sources of Divan Literature]. Istanbul: Akıl Fikir Publications.
3.Cebecioğlu, Ethem. Tasavvuf Terimleri ve Deyimleri Sözlüğü [Dictionary of Sufi Terms and Expressions]. Istanbul: Anka Publications.
4.Güzel, Abdurrahman. Dinî-Tasavvufî Türk Edebiyatı El Kitabı [Handbook of Religious-Sufi Turkish Literature]. Ankara: Akçağ Publications.
5.Kara, Ömer. Divan Edebiyatının Dinî Kaynakları [Religious Sources of Divan Literature]. Istanbul: Marmara University Theology Foundation Publications.
6.Levend, Agah Sırrı. Divan Edebiyatı: Kelimeler ve Remizler, Mazmunlar ve Mefhumlar [Divan Literature: Words and Symbols, Motifs and Concepts]. Istanbul: Dergâh Publications.
7.Onay, Ahmet Talat. Eski Türk Edebiyatında Mazmunlar ve İzahı [Classical Metaphors and Their Explanations in Old Turkish Literature]. Ankara: Akçağ Publications.
8.Öztoprak, Nihat, et al. Eski Türk Edebiyatı Metin Şerhi 17-19. Yüzyıllar [Textual Commentary on Old Turkish Literature: 17th–19th Centuries]. Istanbul: İdeal Kültür Publications.
9.Pala, İskender. Ansiklopedik Divan Şiiri Sözlüğü [Encyclopedic Dictionary of Divan Poetry]. Istanbul: Kapı Publications.
10.Şentürk, Ahmet Atillâ. Osmanlı Şiiri Antolojisi [Anthology of Ottoman Poetry]. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publications.
11.Tarlan, Ali Nihad. Fuzûlî Divanı Şerhi [Commentary on the Divan of Fuzuli]. Ankara: Akçağ Publications.
12.TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi [TDV Encyclopedia of Islam], relevant articles.
13.Tökel, Dursun Ali. Divan Şiirinde Mitolojik Unsurlar (Şahıslar Mitolojisi) [Mythological Elements in Divan Poetry (Mythology of Figures)]. Ankara: Akçağ Publications.
14.Uludağ, Süleyman. Tasavvuf Terimleri Sözlüğü [Dictionary of Sufi Terms]. Istanbul: Kabalcı Publications.
15.Yılmaz, Ozan, et al. Beyitler Arasında Açıklamalı Divan Şiiri Antolojisi [Annotated Anthology of Divan Poetry Between Couplets]. Istanbul: Kesit Publications.
Weekly Detailed Course Contents
Week 1 - Theoretical
Introduction to the course; the relationship between religion and poetry in classical poetry; content sources of religious-Sufi poetry (Quran, hadith, parables, Sufism).
Week 2 - Theoretical
The Ghazal and Religious Content: Structure of the ghazal, divine vs. metaphorical/earthly love (hakikî–mecazî aşk), and semantic layers of the beloved-lover-rival construct.
Week 3 - Theoretical
Quotations and Allusions from the Quran: Concepts, types, and examples in ghazals.
Week 4 - Theoretical
Quotations and Allusions from Hadiths: Elements of hadith and sunnah in ghazals.
Week 5 - Theoretical
Prophetic Stories: Correspondences of the stories of Prophets Adam, Noah, Abraham, and Moses in the ghazal.
Week 6 - Theoretical
Prophetic Stories: The stories of Prophets Joseph, Jacob, Solomon, Job, and Jesus.
Week 7 - Theoretical
Religious Terms and Their Correspondences in Poetry.
Week 8 - Theoretical
Sufi Terms in Poetry: Station (makam), state (hâl), annihilation (fenâ), subsistence (beka), unity (vahdet), multiplicity (kesret), manifestation (tecelli).
Week 9 - Theoretical
Sufi Terms and Symbolic World in Poetry: Love, dhikr (remembrance), wine, tavern, moth (pervane), nightingale, rival.
Week 10 - Theoretical
Poetry Commentary (Şerh) Methodology: How to write a poetry commentary.
Week 11 - Theoretical
Sufi Ghazals: Selected ghazals from Fuzûlî, Niyâzî-i Mısrî, Şeyh Gâlib, and İsmail Hakkı Bursevî.
Week 12 - Theoretical
Religious Content in the Ghazals of Divan Poets: Selected ghazals from Bâkî, Nâbî, and Şeyhülislâm Yahyâ.
Week 13 - Theoretical
Interpretation of Religious Content.
Week 14 - Theoretical
General Assessment.
Assessment Methods and Criteria
Type of AssessmentCountPercent
Attending Lectures1%5
Assignment1%5
Midterm Examination1%30
Final Examination1%60
Workload Calculation
ActivitiesCountPreparationTimeTotal Work Load (hours)
Lecture - Theory142370
Assignment35118
Presentation 35118
Midterm Examination110111
Final Examination113114
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours)131
Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes
PÇ-1
PÇ-2
PÇ-3
PÇ-4
PÇ-5
PÇ-6
OÇ-1
5
4
3
4
5
2
OÇ-2
4
5
3
4
5
3
OÇ-3
4
5
3
5
5
4
OÇ-4
5
5
3
4
5
3
OÇ-5
4
5
4
5
5
5
Adnan Menderes University - Information Package / Course Catalogue
2026