The objective is to examine the reflection of religious beliefs and practices in archaeological sources from the perspective of music history; to enable students to evaluate the relationships between religion, material culture, and sound through sacred spaces, musical instrument finds, depictions of rituals, and written documents; and to develop students' skills in conducting source-based research and comparing the religious meanings of music across different societies within their respective historical contexts.

The scope of the concept of "theoarchaeology"—along with its relationship to the archaeology of religion and the archaeology of music—is explored, encompassing the notions of belief, sanctity, material culture, and sound. Drawing on selected examples from Mesopotamia, Egypt, Anatolia, and the Mediterranean world, the study examines what temples, sacred spaces, tombs, votive objects, and musical instruments reveal about the history of religious music. Through an analysis of ritual depictions, inscriptions, and religious texts, the connections between music, conceptions of the divine, religious authority, and social memory are evaluated. The relationship between religious space and music is further compared using examples from Late Antiquity and Turkic-Islamic culture. Finally, the evidence for—and the limitations of—theories concerning symbolic interpretation, cultural interaction, continuity, and change are discussed.