To examine the life, personality, and prophetic activities of the Prophet—within the historical context of the Meccan and Medinan periods—in all their facets; to enable students to evaluate the Prophet’s family and daily life, his religious mission, his political, military, and diplomatic endeavors, and his interactions with society as a cohesive whole. Furthermore, to foster the ability to investigate the relationship between biographical narratives and historical context by comparing *sirah* (biographical) and *maghazi* (military campaign) accounts with the Quran, *?adith*, and other historical sources; to develop the capacity to critically assess diverse interpretations; and to cultivate the skills necessary for conducting academic research grounded in primary sources.

The political, social, economic, and religious conditions of Arabia and Mecca during the lifetime of the Prophet; his family background, birth, childhood, youth, and marriage to Khadija; the first revelation, the commencement of his prophethood, and the fundamental principles of his message; the early Muslims, the opposition in Mecca, the migrations to Abyssinia, the boycott, the events in Ta'if, the pledges at al-Aqaba, and the Hijra (migration to Medina); the relations between the Muhajirun (emigrants) and the Ansar (helpers) in Medina, the establishment of the Prophet’s Mosque (Masjid al-Nabawi), the Constitution of Medina, and the organization of the new society; the struggle against the Meccans, including the various military expeditions (*ghazawat* and *saraya*); relations with Jewish tribes and other religious communities; the Treaty of Hudaybiyya, diplomatic efforts, and the conquest of Mecca; interactions with Arab tribes and the political unification of Arabia; aspects of governance, law, economic life, religious practices, and social organization; the Prophet’s family and daily life, his moral character, the Farewell Pilgrimage, his passing, and his historical legacy. These topics are examined through a comparative analysis, drawing upon both classical *siyar* (biographical) and *maghazi* (military campaign) sources, as well as modern scholarly research.