To examine the political, social, economic, and cultural history of the Abbasid period (750–1258) as a set of interrelated processes; to evaluate the historical conditions surrounding the Abbasid Revolution, shifts in the concepts of the caliphate and governance, urban life—with a focus on cities such as Baghdad and Samarra—regional power dynamics, social groups, systems of production and trade, scholarly circles, and cultural interactions. Furthermore, to enable students to interpret Abbasid history—moving beyond a mere chronology of caliphs and political events—through the lens of social and civilizational history, drawing upon both classical historical sources and contemporary academic research, and to equip them to conduct independent research.

The political and social foundations of the Abbasid revolution; the establishment of the new dynasty’s rule and the legitimacy of the Caliphate; the development of urban life, including the founding of Baghdad and Samarra; the dynamics between the Caliph, the court, viziers, the bureaucracy, and provincial administration; internal conflicts, military elites, and regional power centers; agriculture, land tenure, taxation, production, trade, and the urban economy; the various segments of society—families, women, slaves, freedmen, and diverse religious and ethnic communities; daily life, consumption patterns, literature, and court culture; scholarly circles, *hadith* (prophetic traditions), *fiqh* (Islamic jurisprudence), *kalam* (theology), and religious authority; translations from Greek and other languages, alongside scientific and intellectual pursuits; the evolving status of the Caliphate under the Buyids and Seljuks, the rise of regional dynasties, and the historical transformations leading up to 1258. This study offers a source-based, comparative examination of the Abbasid world, with a particular focus on social and cultural developments between the 8th and 10th centuries.