Information Package / Course Catalogue
Urban Ecosystem and Green Spaces
Course Code: ZPM518
Course Type: Area Elective
Couse Group: Second Cycle (Master's Degree)
Education Language: Turkish
Work Placement: N/A
Theory: 3
Prt.: 0
Credit: 3
Lab: 0
ECTS: 8
Objectives of the Course

The aims of this course are; Within the framework of the city being a type of ecosystem; to present the elements of the urban ecosystem and the ecosystem services of open/green areas, which are the most important of these elements, to examine open green areas in terms of landscape planning, landscape design and landscape management, to analyze sample city development plans , assessing disaster and climate resilient citiesand open green areas, to produce open green space scenarios regarding increasing open green areas in cities.

Course Content

The content of the course defines the city, ecosystem, ecosystem types, urban ecosystem and elements of urban ecosystem. The importance of open/green areas and ecosystem services, which are elements of the urban ecosystem, are presented. In a sample research area, the open green space system is examined in planning, design and management dimensions. Open green area analyzes are carried out with city development plans.

Name of Lecturer(s)
Prof. Zöhre POLAT
Learning Outcomes
1.Will be able to understand the city as an ecological system (ecosystem)
2.Will be able to understand the resource values of the urban ecosystem
3.Will be able to analyze the components of the urban ecosystem and the ecosystem services of open/green areas
4.Will be able to analyzing the open green space system from a planning perspective with the zoning plan of an exemplary city
5.Will be able to analyzing the open green space system with the zoning plan of a sample city and creating new green space system scenarios
Recommended or Required Reading
1.Bruni, D.; (2016). Landscape Quality and Sustainability Indicators. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 8, 698 – 705.
2.Elmqvist, T.; Setälä, H.; Handel, S.N.; Ploeg, S.; Aronson, J.; Blignaut, J.N.; Gomezbaggethun, E.; Nowak, D.; Kronenberg, J.; Groot, R. (2015). Benefits of restoring ecosystem services in urban areas. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 14, 101-108.
3.Gilbert., N, 2016, Green space: A natural high. Nature, 531(7594), S56-S57.
4.Khoshtaria, T.K.; Chachava N.T.; (2017). The planning of urban green areas and its protective importance in resort cities (case of Georgian resorts). Annals of Agrarian Science xxx 2017, 1e7.
5.Kozan, A. (2015). Urban Ekoloji, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Projesi, Ankara.
6.Li, F.; Liu, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, D.; Liu, H.; Zhou, C.; Wang, R. (2016). Urban Ecological İnfrastructure: An İntegrated Network For Ecosystem Services And Sustainable Urban Systems, Journal of Cleaner Production
7.Önder, S.; Polat, A. (2012).ı Semineri (19 Mayıs,2012), Konya.The Place and Importance of Urban Open Green Areas in Urban Life, Formation and Maintenance Principles of Urban Landscape Areas, Seminar, (19 Mayıs,2012), Konya.
8.Palacio, C.; Berrouet, L.; López, C.; Ruiz, A.; Upegui, A. (2016). Lessons from the integrated valuation of ecosystem services in a developing country: Three case studies on ecological, socio-cultural and economic valuation. Ecosystem Services.
9.Yazgan, M.; Khabbazi, P. (2010). Effects of Green Areas on Urban Ecology, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü.
10.Abbasi, A.; Alalouch, C.; Bramley, G. (2016). Open space quality in deprived urban areas: user perspective and use pattern. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 216, 194-205.
11.Dennis, M.; James, P.; (2016). Site-specific factors in the production of local urban ecosystem services: A case study of community-managed green space, Ecosystem Services Volume 17, February 2016, Pages 208–216.
12.Hoyle, H.; Hitchmough, J.; Jorgensen, A. (2017). All about the ‘wow factor’? The relationships between aesthetics, restorative effect and perceived biodiversity in designed urban planting. Landscape and Urban Planning. 164, 109-123.
13.Hüse, B.; Szabó, S.; Deák, B.; Tóthmérész, B. (2016). Mapping an ecological network of green habitat patches and their role in maintaining urban biodiversity in and around Debrecen city (Eastern Hungary), Land Use Policy, 57, 574-581.
14.Manavoğlu, E.; Ortaçeşme, V. (2015).Multi-criteria analysis of Antalya urban green areas and development of planning strategies, Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi (2015) 28(1):11-19.
15.Mocior, E.; Kruse, M. (2016). Educational Values and Services of Ecosystems and Landscapes – An Overview, Ecological Indicators Volume 60, January (2016). Pages 137–151.
16.Polat, A.T.; Akay, A. (2015). Relationships between the Visual Preferences of Urban Recreation Area Users and Various Landscape Design Elements. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 14 (3), 573-582.
17.Rutt, R.; Gulsrud, N. (2016). Green justice in the city: A new agenda for urban green space research in Europe, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening Volume 19, 1 September 2016, Pages 123–127.
18.Wolch, J.R.; Byrne, J.; Newell, J.P. (2014). Urban green space, public health, and environmental justice: The challenge of making cities ‘just green enough’. Landscape and Urban Planning, 125, 234-244.
19.Xu, L.; You, H.; Li, D.; Yu, K. (2016). Urban green spaces, their spatial pattern, and ecosystem service value: The case of Beijing, Habitat International, Volume 56, August 2016, Pages 84–95.
20.Walker, C. (2004). The Public Value of Urban Parks, Beyound Recreation, a Broader View of Urban Parks, The Urban Institute: The Wallace Foundation.
21.Yücekaya, M. (2013). . Open Green Space and Park Qualities in Kilis, Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı Urban Tasarım Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kayseri.
22.Özkır, A. (2007). Development of City Parks Management Model,, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, Ankara.
23.Kozan, A. (2015). Urban Ekology, Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Projesi, Ankara
24.Elinç, H. (2011).Examination of city parks of Abdurrahman Alaettinoğlu and Alanya mayors in Alanya district of Antalya province with visual quality assessment method. (Doctoral dissertation, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
25.Brunson, L, (1999). Resident Appropriation of Defensible Space in Public Housing: Implications for Safety and Community. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL.
26.Biebel, D.B.; Dill, J. E. M.; Dill, B. R. (2012). A to Z Guide to Healthier Living, The. Baker Books.
27.Mahajan, S., 2024. greenR: An open-source framework for quantifying urban greenness. Ecological Indicators Volume 163, June 2024, 112108
28.Zhao et al., 2024. How do urban parks, neighborhood open spaces, and private gardens relate to individuals’ subjective well-being: Results of a structural equation model.Sustainable Cities and Society Volume 101, February 2024, 105094
29.Stanford et al., 2024. Finding the forgotten spaces: Using a social-ecological framework to map informal green space in Melbourne, Australia. Land Use Policy Volume 141, June 2024, 107114
30.Zhao et al., 2024.Bridging the gap: Public engagement in blue-green space development for healthier urban futures. Journal of Environmental Management Volume 360, June 2024, 121173
31.Cheng et al., 2024. How can urban green space be planned for a ‘happy city’? Evidence from overhead- to eye-level green exposure metrics.Landscape and Urban Planning Volume 249, September 2024, 105131
32.Zhang, F. and Qian, H, 2024. A comprehensive review of the environmental benefits of urban green spaces. Environmental Research Volume 252, Part 2, 1 July 2024, 118837
Weekly Detailed Course Contents
Week 1 - Theoretical
The aim of the course, the importance of the course, the content of the course
Week 2 - Theoretical
Content and characteristics of urban areas-Evaluations in sample cities
Week 3 - Theoretical
History of cities and formation of open/green space systems-examples from around the world-disaster and climate resilient cities
Week 4 - Theoretical
Ecosystem and ecosystem types presentation and student researches
Week 5 - Theoretical
Ecosystem and ecosystem types presentation and student researches
Week 6 - Theoretical
Components of urban ecosystem (Kevin Lynch)
Week 7 - Theoretical
Components of urban ecosystem (Kevin Lynch)-Evaluations for today's cities
Week 8 - Theoretical
Ecosystem services of open/green areas - Ecological services-Analysis with current researches
Week 9 - Theoretical
Ecosystem services of open/green areas -Economical and aesthetic services-Analysis with current researches
Week 10 - Theoretical
Ecosystem services of urban open-green spaces-Recreational, sociological and human health related services-Analysis with current researches
Week 11 - Theoretical
Evaluating the ecosystem services of open/green areas holistically, evaluating landscape planning, landscape design and landscape management dimensions
Week 12 - Theoretical
Analyzes the open green space system in the planning dimension with the zoning plan of an exemplary city.
Week 13 - Theoretical
Analyzing the open green space system with the zoning plan of a sample city and creating new green space system scenarios
Week 14 - Theoretical
Analyzing the open green space system with the zoning plan of a sample city and creating new green space system scenarios
Assessment Methods and Criteria
Type of AssessmentCountPercent
Midterm Examination1%30
Final Examination1%70
Workload Calculation
ActivitiesCountPreparationTimeTotal Work Load (hours)
Lecture - Theory1483154
Midterm Examination120121
Final Examination124125
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours)200
Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes
PÇ-1
PÇ-2
PÇ-3
PÇ-4
PÇ-5
PÇ-6
PÇ-7
OÇ-1
3
3
OÇ-2
3
3
OÇ-3
4
OÇ-4
3
5
OÇ-5
3
4
3
Adnan Menderes University - Information Package / Course Catalogue
2026