The aim of this course is to examine the emergence and development of urbanization processes through archaeological evidence. Within the scope of the course, early models of urbanization, settlement systems, economic structures, forms of social organization, and political developments that emerged in different regions are analyzed from a comparative perspective. Particular emphasis is placed on evaluating regional variations in the urbanization process through significant archaeological centers such as Troy, Yortan, Demircihöyük, Küllüoba, Beycesultan, Kültepe, and Arslantepe. The course aims to enable students to interpret the development of early urban societies and to analyze urbanization processes in the Ancient Near East in the light of archaeological findings.

This course examines examples of urbanization from both chronological and regional perspectives. Archaeological finds, architectural features, settlement layouts, and cultural characteristics of major centers, including Troy, Yortan, Demircihöyük, Küllüoba, Beycesultan, Limantepe, Çine-Tepecik Höyük, Seyitömer Höyük, Kültepe, Alacahöyük, Arslantepe, and Titriş Höyük, are evaluated in detail. The course further explores, through a comparative approach, urban models, settlement systems, and interregional interactions that emerged in different geographical regions. Particular emphasis is placed on the development of early urban societies, regional trajectories of urbanization, and the archaeological evidence associated with these processes. Through the analysis of selected case studies, students gain an understanding of the diversity and complexity of urban development in Anatolia and the Ancient Near East.