The establishment of the Ottoman central and provincial bureaucracy and the changes and the transformation of the reforms of the 19th century will be studied.

The process of the establishmemt of Ottoman central and the provincial bureacracy starting from the Classical Age through the end of the empire, including the mechanism of the Ottoman traditional state, the foreign ministry, etc. Especially within the Ottoman foreign ministry the Tercüme Odası as a centre of translation played an important role in last century Ottoman bureaucracy by producing lots of important statesmen to the empire. Because of this, in this lecture Tercüme Odası and its basic role will be analyzed. Besides this, the çivil bureaucracy of the late Ottoman history grown not only in the central administraion but also in the provincial one will be studied. Lastly, the era of Sultan Abdülhamid and his special type and understanding of bureaucracy in the time of Ottoman Constitutional Period will be analyzed.