In this course, the concept of “Ancient Age” is evaluated in terms of place and time in the context of the universal understanding of history and in the light of the sources to comprehend the history of the Ancient West in the light of Ancient Rome.

In scientific terms, the concept of “Antiquity” is divided into two main periods according to the chronological organization established today: “Ancient Eastern History” and “Ancient Western History”. The first, the “Ancient East”, refers to the period from 3,000 BC to the conquest of Asia Minor and Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332-327 BC. The second refers to the ancient Hellenic and Roman culture and civilization from 1900 BC to the early 7th century AD, including the Mycenaean period. Knowledge of the culture and history of the Ancient West is of great importance for modern man. Because when the political, social, economic and cultural developmental phases of the ancient Hellenic and Roman worlds, which constitute the Ancient West, are closely examined, it is an undeniable fact that they show close similarities with the development process experienced today. For example, the three forms of sovereignty of antiquity, namely monarchy, oligarchy and democracy, are still in use today. Today we are still dealing with the problems of political organization and how to reconcile human freedoms with state authority. In short, modern man continues to search for new political-social solutions using ancient sources. In conclusion, a person who does not know the development of ancient state forms and civilizations will not be able to understand the present day properly.