Reorganization in the Ottoman Empire faced with a challenge in the aspects of military, political, administrative and ideological. With the increasing gap between Ottoman Empire and Europe forced the state to take some measures. This were the main reason behind the reform movements. Statesmen and sultans initiated the process of reforms that we call Westernization. Understanding the process of reform is important in order to understand the relation between the past and the future and to comprehend reason-result relations.

Students pre-class preparations for the course and their active participation during the lectures are required. In order to make it possible, students are expected to make research about the topics and to prepare homework.