Information Package / Course Catalogue - Adnan Menderes University

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Lydian Architecture I

Course Code	: ARKE673
Course Type	: Area Elective
Couse Group	: Third Cycle (Doctorate Degree)
Education Language	: Turkish
Work Placement	: N/A

Theory	: 3
Prt.	: 0
Credit	: 3
Lab	: 0
ECTS	: 5

Objectives of the Course

After the Phrygian Kingdom was destroyed by nomadic invaders in Central Anatolia, From the beginning of the 7th BC., the Lydian Dynasty in the Gediz Basin began to develop. After Gyges, the first King of Mermanatlar dynasty, the Ardis, Sadyattes, Alyattes and Croesus eras were enriched with rich gold deposits. Lydia culture and architecture, especially in the northern Ionian region with the master stone work in the Early Archaic Age has created important architectural works. In this course, the crepis wall of the tumulus grave of King Gyges, the tumulus grave structure of Alyattes and monumental defense systems in the center of Sardis and the walls of the Acropolis will be examined.

Course Content

The aim is to compare the Sardeis monumental Lydia tumulus graves with the remains of architectural structures. For this archaic Lydia traditional stone architecture and processing methods will be studied to teach the use phase of appliances.

Name of Lecturer(s)

Learning Outcomes

1.	Lydia King Cemetery Learning the main sources of tumulus expansion and monumental Lydia architecture.
2.	Natural stone quarries in early Lydia, limestone, sandstone, marble used in architecture and learning methods in stone quarry.
3.	To learn grave building masters and tools.
4.	To learn chronological development of Kingdom of Mermanats.
5.	Learning of Early Lydia Monumental Tombs.

Recommended or Required Reading

1.	Bilgin, A.I., R. Dinç, and M. Önder. 1996. “Lydia’daki İki Tümülüs’de Temizlik Kazısı Çalışmaları.” Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi 4: 207-222.
2.	Ramage, M.H., and R.H. Tykot. 2011. “Geological Analysis of Lydian Building Stones and their Quarry Sources.” In Lydian Architecture: Ashlar Masonry Structures at Sardis, 127-132.Sardis Report, 5. Cambridge, Mass.: Archaeological Exploration of Sardis.
3.	Ratté, C. 2011. Lydian Architecture: Ashlar Masonry Structures at Sardis. Sardis Report 5. Cambridge, Mass.: Archaeological Exploration of Sardis.
4.	Rautman, M.L. 1995. “A Late Roman Townhouse at Sardis.” In Forschungen in Lydien, edited by E. Schwertheim, 49-66. Asia Minor Studien, 17. Bonn: Rudolf Habelt.
5.	Schmidt, E.F. 1953. Persepolis I: Structures, Reliefs, Inscriptions. Oriental Institute Publications 68. Chicago: Oriental Institute Press.

Weekly Detailed Course Contents

Week 1 - Theoretical

Lydia King Cemetery The main sources of the tumulus expansion and monumental Lydia architecture.

Week 2 - Theoretical

Natural stone quarries in early Lydia, limestone, sandstone, marble used in architecture and working methods in stone quarry.

Week 3 - Theoretical

The division of labor in the quarries, transportation of large stone blocks from the quarry to the grave, stone cutting tools.

Week 4 - Theoretical

Grave builders and their tools, tools, tools, lead-filled iron clamps, anathyrosis, cyma reversa, cyma recta.

Week 5 - Theoretical

Chronological development and propagation strategy of the Kingdom of Mermanats.

Week 6 - Theoretical

Early Lydia Monumental Tombs and well-cut stone work: The craftsmanship of the gypsum wall in the Gygesrepin Tumulus, and the stone processing methods and techniques from the technical point of view.

Week 7 - Theoretical

Alyattes Burial structure and burial forms based on small finds.

Week 8 - Intermediate Exam

Midterm

Week 9 - Theoretical

Tombs of Ahmetli Alahıdır village, grave structures, sandstone processing techniques and work division, masters and masons marks.

Week 10 - Theoretical

Tumulus burial chambers in the dead bed stone klines, grave plastic works.

Week 11 - Theoretical

Evaluation of tumulus burial architecture in terms of stone workmanship; dating criteria.

Week 12 - Theoretical

Early Lydia Defense walls in the Center of Sardis, defense wall walls of monumental mudbricks built of stone.

Week 13 - Theoretical

Byzfort teras duvarı, MMS North, MMS South kireçtaşı anıtsal duvarları.

Week 14 - Theoretical

Archaic walls of Sardis Acropolis.

Week 15 - Theoretical

How the historical relations between early Lydian stonemasonry and contemporary cultures in the near east and Aegean world will be examined and evaluated.

Week 16 - Final Exam

Final Exam

Assessment Methods and Criteria

Type of Assessment	Count	Percent
Midterm Examination	1	%40
Final Examination	1	%60

Workload Calculation

Activities	Count	Preparation	Time	Total Work Load (hours)
Lecture - Theory	14	0	3	42
Assignment	5	0	5	25
Individual Work	14	0	3	42
Midterm Examination	1	5	1	6
Final Examination	1	9	1	10
TOTAL WORKLOAD (hours)				125

Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes

	PÇ-1	PÇ-2	PÇ-3	PÇ-4	PÇ-5	PÇ-6	PÇ-7	PÇ-8	PÇ-9	PÇ-10	PÇ-11	PÇ-12	PÇ-13
OÇ-1	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
OÇ-2	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
OÇ-3	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
OÇ-4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4
OÇ-5	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4	4

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